Decorative Arts

Duxer Porzellanmanufaktur, or the Dux Porcelain Manufactory, was started in 1860 by Eduard Eichler in what was then Duchov, Bohemia, later to become part of Czechoslovakia. Production was to continue until the beginning of the second world war and beyond and their later pieces are now generally referred to by the abbreviated name, ‘Royal Dux’. The distinctive pink triangle plaque mark was first used in the late nineteenth century but appears on pieces from all dates, the version found here indicating late twentieth century work which is also confirmed by format of the stamped blue mark.

Many of the samplers found today were signed by the maker, but not all, as here. At a guess this piece was probably made in the second half of the nineteenth century (the frame is much later) by a fairly devout needleworker. The text closely follows a known prayer composed by Sarah Flower Adams (1805-1848). As a member of the congregation of the Rev. W. J. Fox, a Unitarian minister in London, she contributed 13 hymns to his work ‘Hymns and Anthems’ which was published in 1841.

The prayer by her found there reads as follows:

Part in peace!- Christ's life was peace; Let us breath our breath in Him. Part in peace!- Christ's death was peace, Let us die death in Him. Part in peace!- Christ promise gave Of a life beyond the grave, Where all mortal partings cease Part in peace!

It is just possible that the last line has been altered to reflect a recent family loss, but this must remain speculation. The sentiments, though, are clear enough and have been carefully and devotedly worked.

This is an example of Japanese marquetry technique known as ‘Yosegi-Zaiku’ in which intricate geometric patterns made from small pieces of wood were used to decorate the surfaces of small pieces of furniture such as jewellery cabinets or ‘kotan-su’ (kodansu). The technique originated in the town of Hakone, near to Tokyo, in the Edo period (1601/3 to 1868) but continued into the Meiji era (1868-1912) and beyond. Some of the pieces produced have an elaborate array of designs, but what we appear to have here is a sample or specimen piece showing the types of effect the craftsman could produce. This is further complicated by the fact that the top right drawer, which has no decoration at all and is not signed underneath like the other two, appears to be a later replacement with a different form of handle. But there is still some charm and no small amount of skill here. Dating is most probably to the late nineteenth century and this experimental ‘kodansu’ could easily find a place in an early twenty first century setting.

Carving was originally done by the Seri people, a nomadic tribe of no more than 500 who live in Mexico and then by town and city dwellers from Sonora and Baja California, who embarked on the trade after the figures became commercially popular. Seri carvings were essentially hand made whereas the mass produced pieces were created with the use of power tools.

The forms are derived from the wildlife to be found in Mexico and are often abstract in style. While it may owe some elements to the use of machine tools, this carving is a fine example of the ‘ironwood’ style and is, in fact, an unusual composition with the mother and baby duck carved in one piece. The modelling is expressive and well complemented by the patina and finish of the wood. From the above, dating is clearly to the second half of the twentieth century and perhaps more to its later years if this is an example of the ‘commercial’ pieces produced at that time.

Peter Layton is one of Britain’s most celebrated glass artists. Born in 1936, his initial interest was in ceramics but in 1965, while on a teaching post at the University of Iowa, his focus changed and he began to study the art of glass blowing, at a time when the art glass movement in America had an enthusiastic following. Returning to England in 1968, he started a a small glass studio in the Highlands of Scotland while relying on pottery to earn a living. Eight years later, in 1976, he opened the ‘London Glassblowing’ studio which continues to this day and where Peter Layton, now in his eighties, continues to train and supervise upcoming glass artists as well as producing his own work.

This vase is probably one of his earlier pieces and derives its inspiration from the celebrated glass workshops at Mdina and the Isle of Wight whose productions tended to draw heavily on landscape and nature and some of whose shapes clearly influenced it. There are a few other pieces in a similar form, but the colourings and design here are particularly pleasing making this a highly desirable addition to a collection of British studio glass.

The bowl featured here is indeed marked ‘1409’ (see image 8) alongside a form of the name ‘Spode’ which dates to before 1821 (Leonard Whiter : Spode p224). It most likely derives from the service which Whiter once saw complete but has now, presumably, been dispersed. The pattern with its vivid palette of red, blue and gold and floral decoration is a lavish reinterpretation of the ‘Imari’ wares which had been exported to the West in great quantities by the Chinese in the eighteenth century and the Japanese before them. These pieces took their name from their port of export in Japan, Imari; they were actually made at Arita in the former Hizen province. Amongst the wares exported by the Chinese were extensive dinner services and their popularity caused them to be copied and imitated by many of the English potteries from early 1800s onwards, indeed a near identical and contemporary version of this pattern was produced by Coalport.

The square form bowl, indented at the corners and curving inwards towards the base, was a classic Chinese form and is usually referred to as a salad bowl. The standard Chinese dinner service would have had a pair of these, but the shape is rarely found in the English dinner wares made in imitation. Its occurrence here combined with a firmly dateable early nineteenth century pattern in an opulent design which has survived in a remarkable state of preservation makes this very much a ‘one off’ piece and a highly desirable addition to a collection of nineteenth century decorative ceramics.

This écuelle and cover, possibly intended as a sugar bowl, was made by the Herend Porcelain factory. Founded in Hungary in 1826 it almost immediately enjoyed enormous popularity with wealthy customers including members of the European aristocracy. Production continued into the twentieth century through nationalistion in 1948 and reprivatisation in 1993 and continues to the present day. The designs produced in recent years often copy those of an earlier period and this is most likely the case here where resemblances can be seen to the nineteenth century productions from Meissen. The format of the mark indicates a fairly recent date of manufacture, probably in the later years of the twentieth century, but the quality of the execution is in no way diminished and the modelling of the finial in particular of the highest standard.

Carving was originally done by the Seri people, a nomadic tribe of no more than 500 who live in Mexico and then by town and city dwellers from Sonora and Baja California, who embarked on the trade after the figures became commercially popular. Seri carvings were essentially hand made whereas the mass produced pieces were created with the use of power tools.

The forms are derived from wildlife and are often abstract in style. While it may owe some elements to the use of machine tools, this carving is a fine example of the ‘ironwood’ style with its sleek lines imaginatively representing its subject. The modelling is expressive and well complemented by the patina and finish of the wood. From the above, dating is clearly to the second half of the twentieth century and perhaps more to its later years if this is an example of the ‘commercial’ pieces produced at that time.